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Marcu
The Holocaust in Romania Under the Antonescu Government

by Marcu Rozen
Page 23 of 25
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Historical and Statistical Data About Jews in Romania, 1940 --1944
Data and Statistical Figures Concerning the Jews from Romania During World War Two
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TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
TABLE 4
TABLE 5
TABLE 6
TABLE 7
TABLE 8
TABLE 9
TABLE 10
TABLE 11
TABLE 12
TABLE 13
 
 

Data and Statistical Figures Concerning the Jews from Romania
During World War Two

 

The statistical figures used in this work were established mostly based on the official data of the Romanian State as they resulted from the census of the population and other special records:

  • General census of Romania's population, December 29, 1930;
  • Census of the population, April 6, 1941;
  • Inventory of Basarabia and Northern Bucovina, in August-September 1941;
  • Census of the population having Jewish blood, May 1942;
  • Registering of the Jews, who remained alive in Transnistria,
    performed by the General Inspectorate of the Gendarmerie, during September 1943;
  • Other special records.

 

TABLE 1
  Number of Jews in Romania in the Years 1930 and 1940  

S P E C I F I C A T I O N
1930
1940
GREATER ROMANIA TOTAL: TOTAL

756,930

800,000

1. Romania(without the given up territories)

329,841

350,000

2. Basarabia, Northern Bucovina and Hertza (Soviet Union)   

277,949

290,000

3. Northern Transylvania (Hungary)

148,294

159,000

4. Cadrilater (Bulgaria)

846

1,000

Note: The data for the year 1930 represent persons of Mosaic religion, as registered at the General Census of the population of Romania, on December 29, 1930.

The data for the year 1940 were calculated by taking into account the modifications that had occurred in the period 1930-1940, due to the natural increase of the population, and to the migration, from or to other countries.

As it is shown in a memory drawn up by the Central Statistical Institute, (Office for Studies), signed by Anton Galopentia, in the period 1930-1940, the natural growth of the Jews was 6,780 souls, but it is specified, that the modification of the number of Jews cannot be exactly known because there are no data available concerning the number of Jews who entered the country clandestinely. In conclusion, it is shown in the statement, that it can be considered, that during the period 1930-1940 the number of Jews from Romania didn't increase with more than 50,000.

According to the table from above, in the period 1930-1940, the number of Jews, increased by 43,070 persons.

 

TABLE 2
 Number of Jews in the Territories Under the Authority of Antonescu
After the Outbreak of the War

S P E C I F I C A T I O N
Number of Jews After the Outbreak of the War

JEWS TOTAL (1+2)

675,000

1. ROMANIAN JEWS
(without Northern Transylvania and Cadrilater)

540,000

a). In Old Kingdom and Southern Transylvania

312,000

b). In Basarabia, Bucovina and the Dorohoi district

228,000

From Which:

- In Basarabia, Northern Bucovina and the Hertza region

- In Southern Bucovina and Dorohoi district


192,000


36,000

2. NATIVE UKRAINIAN JEWS FROM TRANSNISTRIA

135,000

Note: The data from the table of above include the Jews from the territories under Romanian authority, after the liberation of Basarabia, Northern Bucovina and Hertza, and the passing of Transnistia under Romanian administration.

A number of 160,000 Jews from Northern Transylvania and Cadrilater, as well as about 100,000 Jews from Basarabia, North-Bucovina and Hertza, who withdrew voluntarily or being forced with the Soviet authorities (including those deported to Siberia, killed in air raids, enlisted in the Soviet army, dead at the siege of Odessa etc.) were not included.

A number of 135,000 native Ukrainian Jews, taken over by the Romanian authorities after Transnistria entered under Romanian administration, were included.

 

TABLE 3
Number of the Missing Jews from Basarabia, Northern Bucovina and the Hertza Region
In the Period From the Outbreak of the War Until the Deportations to Transnistria
--Statistical Evaluation--

S P E C I F I C A T I O N
Total Number of Jews

1. Remained Under Romanian Authority

192,000

2. Registered at the Census on Sept. 1, 1941, Before the Deportation 

126,434

3. Basarabian Jews Who Fled to Odessa
and Overtaken by the Romanian Authorities

10,000

*

4. Jews from Basarabia, Northern Bucovina and the Hertza Region,
Who Disappeared During the Period June 22- Sept. 1, 1941

55,566

*A large number of these refugees were killed during the reprisals in Odessa.

 

TABLE 4
 Number of Jews from Bassarabia, Northern Bucovina, and the Hertza Region
Existing Before Deportation

S P E C I F I C A T I O N
Number of Jews
Before Deportation

JEWS TOTAL

126,434

Northern Bucovina

53,809

- Cernovitz

49.497

- Storojinetz

4,312

Bassarabia

72,625

a) in the cities

6,883

b) in camps and ghettoes
- Secureni and Edinetz (Hotin)
- Marculesti (Soroca)
- Tg. Vartajeni (Soroca)
- The Kishinev Ghetto

65,742

20,909

10,737

24,000

10,096

Note: After the World Jewish Congress -- the Romanian Section -- the Jewish population in figures -- Statistical memento -- 1945, page 37-38 (based on the inventory of Bassarabia and Northern Bucovina in August-September 1941). The data has been verified from other sources, too where there have found close values.

 

TABLE 5
 Number of Jews Deported from Romania to Transnistria
--Statistical Evaluation--

S P E C I F I C A T I O N
Number of Jews
--TOTAL --


1 Basarabia, Northern Bucovina and the Hertza Region

   -Registered on Sept. 1, 1941

126,434

   - Registered on May 20, 1942

17,081

- Deported (in 1941) - difference

109,353

- Deported from Cernowitz, June 7-June 28, 1942

4,000

Total Deported  

113,353


2. Southern Bucovina

   -Existing before the deportation

24,000

   -Registered on May 20, 1942

179

Total Deported (difference)  

23,821


3. Dorohoi District (Without the Herza Region)

   -Existing before the deportation

12,000

   -Registered on May 20, 1942

2,316

- Deported (in 1941) - difference

9,684

- Deported on June 14 ,1942

450

Total Deported  

10.134


4. Old Kingdom and Southern Transylvania

Total Deported  

3,968

 

Total Deported from Romania  

 

151,276

 

TABLE 6
Number of Jews from the Old Kingdom and Southern Transylvania Deported to Transnistria

S P E C I F I C A T I O N
Total Deported
Total Deported Jews

3,968

Out of Witch Those:

 1. Suspected to be politically left oriented

1,046

a). From the Tg. Jiu Camp

407

b). From those incarcerated in penitentiaries

85

c). From those free

554

 2. Requested Repatriation to Basarabia

578

 3. Did not show up for public work *

594

 4. Convicted for various offenses and others

250

 5 . From the labor battalion "Balta 120"
(which was in existence for nearly two years in Transnistria)

1,500

*As situation existed on October 12, 1942. Deportations took place after that date, as well...

 

TABLE 7
  Number of Deported Jews from Romania, Exterminated in Transnistria   

S P E C I F I C A T I O N
Total Jews
%
Deported Jews to Transnistria: TOTAL

150,000

100
Jews Who Remained Alive: TOTAL

60-70,000

40-46
JEWS EXTERMINATED IN TRANSNISTRIA

80-90,000

54-60

 Note: In the total number of deported and exterminated Jews in Transnistria are included also the Jews who were killed or died along the way; these amounts at least 5.000 victims.

 

TABLE 8
Native Ukrainian Jews from Transnistria Taken Over by the Romanian Authorities

S P E C I F I C A T I O N
Total Jews

Native Ukrainian Jews from Transnistria Overtaken by the Romanian Authorities -- Total

135,198

1. Killed during the reprisals in Odessa, October, 22-26, 1941

20,000

2. Existing survivors at the end of November 1941 in Odessa

30,000

3. Ukrainian Jews from Northern and Southern Transnistria Existing in November 1941

85,198

   a). In Northern Transnistria -Total

- Moghilev
- Sargorod
- Rabnita
- Tulcin
- Spirov
- Peciora Camp
-Rogozna Camp
-Balta and other localities

   b). In Southern Transnistria

15,198

3,733

2,000

1,467

118

27

3,005

848

4,000

70,000

*

*Jews gathered in the camps: Bogdanovka, Domanovka, Acmecetka and other camps and ghettos, from the districts Golta and Berezovka, including the Jews who were killed or died along the way.

Note: These data were established in accordance with M. Carp's book - "The Black Book", vol. 3, page 207 - Diogene Publishing House 1996.

 

TABLE 9
  Number of Native Ukrainian Jews, Under Romanian Authority,
Exterminated During the World War Two

S P E C I F I C A T I O N
Total Jews
%
Native Ukrainian Jews: TOTAL

135,000 

100
Alive at the End of the War

20,000

*

14.8
Exterminated

115,OOO

85.2

*According to Radu Leca, commissioner for Jewish problems.

 

TABLE 10
Total Number of Jews Exterminated During World War Two
From the Territories Under Romanian Authority

S P E C I F I C A T I O N
Exterminated Jews

A. Romanian Jews

155,000

  -The Pogrom from Dorohoi, July 1, 1940

70

 - The Legionary Rebellion , January 21-23, 1941

130

 - The pogrom and the death trains from Iasi, June 29- July 6, 1941

8,000

 - Killed in Basarabia, North-Bucovina and Hertza region, June 22-Sept. 1, 1941

55,000

 - Transnistria (Sept. 1941-March 1944)

80,000

 - Other victims

11,800

*

B. Native Ukrainian Jews

115,000


Total Exterminated Jews (A+B)


270,000

*This number includes the killed or dead Jews along the way to Transnistria, the Bassarabian Jews who fled to Odessa and were killed during the reprisals, well as other victims from the period of war.

 

TABLE 11
  Rates of Extermination and Survival of the Jews,
During Second World War Two, Who Lived in Territories Under Romanian Authority

S P E C I F I C A T I O N
Jews At the Beginning of the War
Exterminated Jews
Extermination Rate (%)
Survivor Rate (%)

 1. Romanian Jews: TOTAL

540,000

155,000

28.7
71.3

a). From the Old Kingdom and Southern Transylvania

312,000

11,000

 3.5
96.5

b). From Basarabia, Bucovina and Dorohoi district

228,000

144,000

63.2
36.8
2. Native Ukrainian Jews: TOTAL

135,000

115,000

85.2
14.8


TOTAL (1+2)


675,000


270,000


40

60

 

 

TABLE 12
  Demographic Balance of the Jews under Antonescu Government
Romanian Jews (from the former Greater Romania)

S P E C I F I C A T I O N
Total Jews

1. Jews from Great Romania, according to the census from the year 1930 (without North-Transylvania and Cadrilater)

607,970

2. Jews from Great Romania in 1940 (without Nothern Transylvania and Cadrilater)

640,000

3. Jews who, after the outbreak of the war, taken away by the Soviet authorities
(inclusive those enlisted in the Soviet army, deported to Siberia, killed in bombardment, Jews who fled to Odessa, and died during the siege).

100,000

4. Remained under Antonescu Government

540,000

5. Remained alive at the end of the war:
- From the Old Kingdom and Southern Transylvania
(without the district of Dorohoi)
- From Basarabia
(returned from Transnistria)
- From North and Southern Bucovina
(returned from Transnistria and those not deported)
- From Dorohoi district
(returned from Transnistria and those not deported)

385,000


310,000


14,000


53,000


8,000

6. Exterminated (the difference)

155,000

NOTE: Taking into account the about 115,000 native Ukrainian Jews from Transnistria, killed during the Romanian administration, the number of exterminated Jews under the Antonescu Government amounts to 270,000 persons.

Additional emarks on some statistical data from Table 12

 The number of Romanian Jews who remained alive in Transnistria was established by the General Inspectorate of Gendarmes, by registering on September 1st, 1943 their number in districts and localities. According to this situation, from the Jews evacuated from Basarabia, only 13,980 Jews remained alive, and from Bucovina (North and South) 36,761. To those from Bucovina, over 16,000 Jews should be added, who had not been deported (most of them from Cernowitz). This means that from Bucovina (North and South), a number of about 53,000 Jews remained alive.

Into the Dorohoi district over 6,000 Jews returned from Transnistria…To these about 2,000 not deported Jews should be added.. Thus the number of those who remained alive was about 8,000.

 

TABLE 13
  Jews from Europe Exterminated During the Holocaust

C O U N T R Y
Jewish Population
Before the War
Exterminated Jews
During the Holocaust
Extermination Rate
%

EUROPE

9,211,000

1)

5,933,000

64.4

1. Poland

3,300,000  

2,800,000

84.8

2. Soviet Union 

2)

3,025,000  

1,475,000

48.8

3. Hungary

Out of Which:
Northern Transylvania

564,000  


160,000  

335,000


135,000

59.4

84.4

4. Romania
(Under Antonescu Government)

-Romanian Jews
-Native Ukrainian Jews

675,000  


540,000  

135,000  

270,000


55,000

115,000

40

28.7
85.2

5. Czechoslovakia

315,000  

260,000

82.5

6. Germany

210,000  

170,000

81

7. Lithuania

150,000  

135,000

90

8. France 

3)

300.000  

90,000

30

9. Holland 

3)

150,000  

90,000

60

10. Latvia

95,000  

85,000

89.5

11. Greece

75,000  

60,000

80

12. Yugoslavia

75,000  

55,000

73.3

13. Belgium 

3)

90,00  

40,000

44.4

14. Austria

60,000  

40,000

66.7

15. Italy

3)

57,000  

15,000

26.3

16. Bulgaria

50,000  

7,000

14

17. Other countries 

4)

20,000  

6,000

30
1) With the Jews from Great Britain and neutral countries (which were not affected by the Holocaust), the Jews from Europe exceeded 9,5 million persons.

2) In the Soviet Union, the Baltic countries (Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia), were not included, nor were Basarabia, Northern Bucovina and Transnistria. The number of Jews, before the war, shown in the table, includes the population from the occupied zone as well as that from the unoccupied zone. If we take into account that the Jewish population from the occupied zone totaled about 2 million people, losses from the zones in the Soviet Union occupied by Germany give a rate of 7.8%.

3) Inclusive the refugees.

4) Denmark, Estonia, Luxembourg, Norway and Danzig.

Note: The above data, on countries, with the exception of those for Romania, Hungary and the Soviet Union, are extracted or processed from Iacob Lestchinsky's work "Bilan de l'Extermination."

For Romania only those Jews were included who lived in the territories under Antonescu's government, inclusive Bassarabia, Northern Bucovina and the Hertza region after liberation, and Transnistria passed under Romanian authority.

Northern Transylvania was included to Hungary, because the Jews from this territory, temporary occupied, were deported into the extermination camps by the Hungarian State. 

 

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