The
General Demographic Balance of the Jewish
Population
From the Former Greater Romania and
Transnistria
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A. Total of the
Romanian Jews From the Former Greater Romania in
1940
Of Which:
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800,000
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1. Romanian Jews That
Remained Alive in 1945
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410,000
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2. Romanian Jews
Murdered Under the Horthyst Government
in the Northern Transylvania
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135,000
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3. Romanian Jews, From
Bassarabia and Northern Bucovina, Taken Away,
Killed, and Disappeared Before the Arrival of
the Romanian Troops
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100,000
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4. Romanian Jews
Murdered Under Antonescu Government
(800,000 minus 645,000)
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155,000
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B. Local Ukrainian
Jews From Transnistria Taken Over by the
Antonescu Authorities
Of Which:
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135,000
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1. The Ones Left
Alive
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20,000
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2 Those Murdered under
the Antonescu Government
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115,000
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C. The Total Number
of Murdered Jews Under the Antonescu Government
Of Which:
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270,000
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1. Romanian Jews (point
A4, hereinabove)
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155,000
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2. Local Ukrainian Jews
(point B2, hereinabove)
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115,000
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Specifications
Regarding the Methodological Content
Used for the Statistical Indicators Presented in the
Table Above
I. Regarding The
Romanian Jews From the Former Greater
Romania
A. The number of
800,000 persons, including Romanian Jews (from the
former Greater Romania) in the year 1940, was established
from the 1930 census (756,930), to which was added the
43,000 persons representing the natural growth and the
emigrants from the neighboring countries invaded by the
German army during the 1930-1940 period. In the official
Census Report of the Central Statistics Institute signed
by the well known statistician Anton Golopentia, it is
shown that the number of Jews from Romania, during the
1930-1940 period, did not exceed 50,000. (General Census
of Romania from 1941, pp. 241-253)
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1. The 410,000
figure of surviving Jews from the former
Greater Romania includes 51,000 Bassarabian and
Bucovinian survivors in Transnistria (as
registered by the General Police Department on
September 1, 1943) plus 16,000 not deported Jews
from that area, 6000 surviving Jews and 2000 not
deported from the Dorohoi district, 310,000 Jews
from the Old Kingdom and from Southern
Transylvania, as well as 25,000 survivors from
Northern Transylvania.
This number is
confirmed by the recording made by the World
Jewish Congress in 1947, which establishes a
number of 428,312 ( Jews that were living in
that year in
Romania.*)
This number is also confirmed by the number of
Jews who emigrated from Romania and from
Moldavia Republic (about 350,000 in Israel and
about 70,000 in the West democratic states) at
which there are also added about 20,000 left
alive Jews in these two states, at the end of
2,000.
*)
World
Jewish Congress -- The Romanian section "Jewish
establishments in Romania"
-- Statistic Memento -- Bucharest 1947,
p.30.
2. The number of
135,000 missing Jews under the Horthyst
Government in the Northern Transylvania
(deported in the mass extermination camps in
Poland and Germany) was established by the
scientists who studied this problem (F.C.E.R.
archive &endash; The Northern Transylvania
portfolio).
3. The 100,000
Romanian Jews from Bassarabia, Northern Bucovina
and the Herta region -- taken away, murdered and
missing before the arrival of the Romanian
troops contains:
Jews
deported by the Soviet authorities in
Siberia;
Jews enrolled
in the Soviet army;
Jews who were
voluntarily or under compulsion retired by
the Soviet authorities (many of them run down
by the German troops, were killed in the
bombardments or on the battle field or were
shot by the special "cleaning
troops");
Jewish
refugees from Bassarabia to Odessa who died
during the long siege of this
town;
Jews killed
in the bombardments from Kishinev and other
towns.
All these categories of
Jews had never entered under Antonescu's
jurisdiction, so they could not be registered as
exterminated under the Romanian
authority.
This figure was
established on some estimations of well-known
scientists.
Thus, Raul Hilberg in
his known work "The Jews' extermination in
Europe", volume 1, page 676, shows that, the
number of deported or evacuated Jews from
Northern Bucovina and Bassarabia in the last
weeks of the Soviet occupation, is over
100,000.
Radu Ioanid, in his
work "Jews Under the Antonescu Regime," p. 398
shows: "according to different evaluations,
almost 100,000 Jews from Bassarabia and Bucovina
were taken away by the Russian authorities or
were deported by them."
A report of OSS
considers that "100,000 to 130,000 Jews ran from
the danger represented by the troops that
entered in Bassarabia and Bucovina" (American
Jewish Archives, Cincinnati, JAFFIS
OSS).
Dr. Sabin Manuila and
Dr. Filderman, in a study from 1957, also
indicates a number of about 100,000 Jews from
Bassarabia and Northern Bucovina retired under
compulsion or voluntarily with the Russian
authorities. Many other documents give a close
figure regarding the large number of Jews from
Bassarabia and Northern Bucovina deported or
withdrawn with the Soviet authorities before the
arrival of the Romanian troops.
Only in Kishinev, that
had before the war about 50,000 Jews, about
40,000 of them disappeared before the arrival of
Romanian troops. From Cernowitz, about 10,000
Jews were deported in Siberia (Jean Ancel,
"Contributions at the history of Romania,"
volume I, part II, page 230) and such examples
are numerous. This make us draw the conclusion
that the figure of about 100.000 retired, killed
or missing Jews before the arrival of Romanian
troops, can be taken into
consideration.
4. The 155,000
Romanian Jews exterminated under Antonescu
Government comes as the difference between
the total number of Jews in the former
GreaterRomania from 1940 and those left alive
(410,000), plus the ones exterminated under the
Horthyst authority (135,000) and the 100,000
taken away by the Soviet authorities (800,000
minus 645,000).
It must be
underlined the fact that the number of 155,000
Romanian Jews exterminated under the Antonescu
Government determined through demographic
balance corresponds with the number resulted
from the direct method, which confirms the
accuracy of this figure.
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II. Regarding The Ukrainian
Jews From Transnistria
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1. The
TOTAL Number (from a+b+c, below)
of Ukrainian Jews Under the Control of
the Romanian Authorities
Of
Which:
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135,000
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a) killed
in the reprisals in
Odessa
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20,000
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b)deported
in the camps and ghettoes from Golta
and Berezovka districts
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c) left in
the Northern and Westhern Transnistria
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15,
000
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2.Alive at
the end of the war
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20,000
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3.
Exterminated (135,000 minus
20,000)
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115,000
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*
Including
about 30.000 Jews from Odessa
deported in January &endash;
February 1942,
as well as those shot or who died on
the way.
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The number of Jews killed in the
reprisals in Odessa was of about 25.000, from which about
20.000 local Ukrainian Jews and about 5,000 refugees
Bassarabian Jews.
In the ghettoes and camps of
Golta and Berezovka districts, there were deported, by
the Romanian authorities, from other districts, about
150,000 Jews from which 100,000 were local Ukrainian Jews
and approximately 50,000 Bassarabian and Bucovinian
Jews.
The local Ukrainian Jews left
under the Romanian authority, in the north and west of
Transnistria (15,000 Jews) are mentioned by M.
Carp in "The Black Book" &endash; volume 3, page 207
&endash; Diogene Publishing House 1996.
The rest of about 165,000
Ukrainian Jews, up to the limit of 300.000 Jews in
Transnistria before the war, withdrawn with the Russian
authorities (including the ones enrolled in the Red
Army), disappeared in the long siege over Odessa or were
killed by the special "field cleaning" German troops
(Einsatzgruppe D) and in bombardments, before the coming
of the Romanian authority.
Thus, it results that, the
total number of Jews exterminated under Antonescu
Government, established through the direct method and the
demographic statistic balance, is approximately 270,000
victims from which 155,000 Romanian Jews and about
115,000 local Ukrainian Jews.
We have to admit that nobody
counted the victims and nobody can exactly specify their
number.
But we can affirm with certitude
that in the territories under Antonescu Government
over a quarter of million of people were exterminated for
the only guilt of being born Jews.
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